A bacterial protective covering is the outer layer that shields bacteria from harmful environments and immune system attacks. It includes structures like the cell wall, capsule, and cell membrane. The capsule, often made of polysaccharides, prevents dehydration and helps bacteria evade antibiotics and phagocytosis. Understanding this covering is crucial in developing antibacterial drugs such as cephalexin capsules, which target bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell rupture and death. Cephalexin capsules are commonly used to treat infections of the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract by destroying bacteria’s protective layers, ensuring effective treatment and faster recovery.